Casing for artesian wells



A. PAULSEN cAsING Fon ARTESIAN WELLS Oct. 18, 1927.

Filed May 17, 1926 2 Sheets-Smet 2 Patented Oct. 18, 1927.

ADoLrH PAULSEN, vor sAN CARLOS, CALIFORNIA.

CASING FOR ARTESIAN WELLS.

Appneation mea May 17, 192e. "seriai' No. loaso.

The present invention relates to improvements in casings or linings for artesian Wells. The ordinary casing or lining of an artesianwell functions merely as a means for preventing the side wallA of the well from collapsing and thereby clogging the well. The casing which is usually in the form of a perforated metallic pipe is wholly exposed to the water of the well with the result that the material of the casing readily rusts and eventually decomposes.

The present typel of casing, moreover, does not act to filter the water of the well to the end that when the well is sunk in clay-like earth, as distinguishedv from gravel, the Water delivered by the' well is accompanied by an earthy deposit. i

Coming now to the present invention, the general object thereof is the provision'of a casing adapted to be arranged within an artesian well and to provide a lining for said well and further to provide a means for filtering the water entering the well.

The above and other objects are accomplished by instrumentalities pointed out in the following specification. i

The invention vis clearly defined in the claims.

A satisfactory embodimentof the-invention is illustrated in the j accompanying drawings forming part of the specification and in which v Y Figure 1 is a horizontal cross section of an artesian well showing one form of my in- -vention in use.

Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the lower portion ofv a well, ytogether with the form of the invention V"shown in Figure 1 and appearing partly in side elevation and partly inver-tical cross section.`

Figure 3 is an enlarged vertical cross sectional detail of one of the units of the casing shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 4 is a detail perspective on an enlarged scale of one of the units complete shown in Figures 1 and 2` together -fwitli a fractional part of an additional unit.

Figure 5 is a viewsimilar to Figure 2 of a modified form of the invention` VFigure 6 is a detail plan of Aa further modified form of casing unit. f

Figure 7 's a detail side elevation of the lower end portioniof .a well andshowing a casing inside elevation and made up of the units shown in Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a face view of the interior of Figure 13 is a detail of the connection be- 4 tweenthe tie rod section shown in Figure 12 and the shoe, showingparts partly in side elevation and vertical cross section.

In Figures 1, 2, 5, 7 yand 11, 5 yindica-tes the bore of the well and 6 the'wall. In carrying out thepresent invention in connection with a well extending throughsoil or clay-like earth, vthe use of that form of the invent-ion shown in Figures 1 to 3inclusive is preferable. while the form ofthe invention shown in Figures'5 and 6' is preferable in connection with a well extending through loose or gravel-like earth; however, the latter two forms of the invention may well be used in connection with'earth of a clay-like formation. c In its various forms the invention essentially consists tof va casing made up of superimposed units which are indicated throughout yby a. ,Y In Figures 1 to 5 inclusive the units are the 4same for both forms of they invention: whereas inthe yform :shown b vFigures to 9v inclusive'and Figure 11, the units are constructed somewhat ydifferent from the 'forms' shownv lin Figures 1 to 5. In all forms. each units coffsists of two sections respectivelv indicated bv 7 and 8, each of Asaid sections being semi-f circular in contour and formedy of molded plastic material, such as ordinarycement,v or

a miXtureof cement and'sand, oryifpre` ferred.v each section may be formed of baked clay and glazedkor not. In 'all forms'of 'rds the invention, the sections and l8 are ar'- y ranged endto end so asv tovprovide the circular shaped unit a, and the lining or casing in allforms'is'provided by superimposing its vunits oneupon the other so as to extend throughout the depth of the well,Y 9 indicates a pluralitv of ducts extending vertically through each of the' sections 7 and 8 Vand spaced apart for any required distance.

' cess 10 opening through the outer side of .nected sectionsinto Vthe bore 5.

the Asection and formed in the end surface thereof, and the upper end of each duct communicates with a lateral recess 11 which opens through the inner facevof the section and formed in the upper end thereof. It is thus to be seen that liquid may flow into the recesses 10 and upwardly through the ducts 9 and into the well through the ducts 11- As shown in Figures 1'to 5 inclusive and Figure 11, the ducts 9 are lilledfwith suit-able filtering material such as smallpebbles 12vso that the waterin flowing into the well works its way through these pebbles which operate in the usual manner to strain or filter the water of any sediment deposited therein. .The diameter of each unit is, of course, determined by the diameter of the bore 5 of the well and further by the` fact las to whether the unit is-to be used as a supplemental casing, as shown. in Figure 1, or as the sole casing for the well, as shown in Figures 5 and 7. The height of each unit in any form of the invention may correspond with the heights in the other forms. It has been found in practice that the convenient height is approximately six inches.

In carrying out the invention in connection with the` form shown inV Figures 1 and 2, an outer perforatedmetallic casing 13 is employed. This casing isin sections and each section corresponds in length approximately to the combined heights of several of the units a; Adjacent sections 14 are Aconnected by an annular tie plate 15 disposed -interiorly of .thesections 'and suitably secured thereto as by bolts or rivets as at 16.

The lowermost section ofthe metallic casing is interiorly provided at its lower end portion with an annular shoe 17gwhich is secured as by bolts` or` rivets 18 to the said section, said'shoe being of metal andhaving an upwardly andpinwardly` sloped side 19 which terminates in a flat side 2O` extending laterally outward and forming a supportfor the lowermost unit a. The units are so pro'- portioned with respect to the diameter ofV the section '14 as to provide an intervening space 21 which isfilled with lteringma- Vterial, suchV as pebbles 22. The lowermost section is assembled with the `units 'an after whichthe uppersectionis secured in place by the tie plate-1,5.` This assembling is done preparatory to-lowering the pair of con- Y The services of a suitable derrick are employed for hoisting the-connected sections and supporting the same4 during the operatiomof directing the lowermost section into-the bore 5 at a',` time after the lowermost vsection has been entered into the bore and before the 4succeeding `section descends into the bore,

the units for the said succeeding section are placed therein, after which a third section is connected to the second and this operation continued until the lowermost section is at the bottom of the Well. It is to be noted that in arranging the units of the several sections, the units are so disposed as to provide a break-joint effect as shown in Figures 2 and 4. In these figures it is to be noted that the outlet end portions 11 of the lducts 9 are bridged by the lower sides of the sections immediately thereabove so that the water flowing upwardly vthrough the ducts is directed inwardly and into the bore 5 of the well; V

In the use of the device shown in Figures 1 and2, the Awater from the ground first enters through the openings 23 of the metallic outerV casing, filters through the gravel 22, then passes through the ducts and the gravel therein and into the bore V5, all of which is shown by the arrows inV Figure 3.

In the form shown in Figure 5, the perforated metallic casing 24 is disposed interiorly of and concentrically with the units a.. The lower end of casing 24 is connected by screw threads `as at 25 to t-he screw threaded lower end portion of a shoe 26.

lThe casing 24 is, of course, sectional and each section accommodates a pluralityV of units as pointed out in connectionrwith the form shown in Figures 1 and 2.. In connection with the form shown in Figure v5t however, the units a. are of greater diameter than those shown in Figuresl and 2, and are of a size to snugly fit within the boreu 5 Vof the well. The use of this form of the invention A is preferable in connection with gravel-like formations of soil, although its use'is pos-V sible with clay-like soil formations. Y 1

In connection with the formsl shown in Figures 6 to 13Vinclusive, the employment of a tubular metallic casing isdispensed with and in its stead `tie bars are providedV and slight modification made .in the construction of the sections of* the units. VThe tie bars are of metal'andsone is shown in Figures 10 and 12 and indicated by 27.V The shoe is indicated by 28, and afragment shoivn'i'n Figure 13,- and is provided with an annular pocket 29 which is disposed between the outer vertical side wall 30 and the upwardly Y and inwardly sloping Vinner sidev wall "the shoulders resulting from the reduced tongues on the lowermost sections bear upon the'top plate 32 whenthe lower sections are arranged vertically after introducing the tongues through the slots and into the cement. The sections 37 and 38 of the lowermost unitY in Figure 7 bearupon the top plate 32 of the shoe 28 and the lowermost `sections of the tie rods extend upwardly between the adjacent'ends of the sections 37 and 38. The length of thelowenmost section of the tie rod is equal approximately to the height of three of the units made up of the sections 37 and 38, and the said lowermost sections at points immediately above the lowermost unit are provided with transverse openings 39 for transversely disposed dowels which are adapted to fit into depressions in the end portions of the lower sides of the unit disposed upon the lowermost unit.

In Figure 7 I have shown this construction as the same would appear from one side ofr the well only one of the dowels showing and indicated by 40. With this construction it is to be observed that the lowermost sections of the tie rod operate to tie tbe shoe and the lowermost tie rod sections together. The dowel 40 also passes through an intermediate tie rod section 4l in Figure 7, and the length of this section corresponds to the length of the lowermost section 27 above the shoe 28, so that the upper end portion of the intermediate section projects above the upper end of the section 27 for a distance equal to the height of one of the units. When a third unitis superimposed upon the second unit as shown in Figure 7. the structure thus far assembled may be suspended by pulling upwardly on the projecting end portions intermediate sections 41 of the tie rod, it being obvious that the dowel 40 connects the secrod section 43, and thereby operate to tie the three sections of the tie rod one to the other as shown in Figures 7 and 11. The lengths of the intermediate and third tie rod sections correspond so that when a fourth unitA is superimposed upon the third unit in Figure 7, the projecting end portion of the third tie rod section is presented above the fourthV unit.

With this construction the shoe and all four of the units may be assembled above the ground and directed into the bore fof the `well after which the operation of connecting additional tie rod sections to those already arranged between thesections ofthe units may be carried out any time when assembling additional units and the lowering ofthe casing into the boreof thewell.

The depressions for the dowels are indicated by 44 in Figure 11, and it is to be noted that the presence of the dowels as there shown, operates to prevent lateral displacement of the sections of the units when these are assembled. It is to be noted' that the foregoing is descriptive of a structurewhich is simple and comparatively inexpensive and eflicient. for effecting' the lowering of Va relatively long casingmade up of -the units shown in Figure 7 into a relatively deep well.' It is to be noted that all of the tie rod sections are provided with openings 39 and 42 which will permit of the use of the dowels for the purposes described.

The ducts or water passages 45 of the sections 37 and 38 correspond to the ducts in the other forms of the invention and are adapted for containing filtering materialV such aspebbles.

For additionally locking the unit in all forms of the invention against lateral displacement, suitable dowels 46 may be employed and arranged in the upperv sides of the sections so as to enter openings in the lower sides. of the sections immediately thereabove, and additional dowels may be arranged in the ends of one of the sections as shown at 47 so as to enter openings in the ends of the opposite section, all of which is shown in Figures 2 and 4.

Although I have shown and described one embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that the same is susceptible of various changes; and I reserve the right of employ such as may come within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a device of the type described, a'well casing formed of a plurality of sections, each section having a longitudinally extending duct disposed between the inner and outer walls and having grooves in the top and bottom edges, the top groove extending inwardly from the duct to the inner wall,

while its bottom groove extends outwardly from the duct to the outer wall.

2. In a device of the type described, a secytional wall casing,` each section being composed of a plurality of arcuate segments,

each segment having a duct therein extending between the outer and inner wall of the y segment vand havin@r a Groove in the u er b 7 D D V- and "lower edges of each segment, the upper 3. A device of `the type described comprising a perforated Wall casing made up of a plurality of sections and bearing against the wall 'of the well, a sectional casing mounted inside of and spaced from the per- .forated casing, filtering means disposed in the space between the two casings, thesectional casing being provided with water conveying ducts and filtering means disposed in said ducts. j

4. A device of the type describedcomprising a sectional perforated casing,a second4 sectional casing enclosing said irstnamed casing and being spaced therefrom, water conveyingfducts disposed in the second casing andV filtering means disposed insaid ducts and in the space between said casings.

5. Inv a device of Vthe type described a sectionalcasing, each section being composed of segments, fastening members-connecting the segments of each section tosegments of ladjacent sections, said members comprising strips, dowel pins connecting said strips together, said segments having recesses for receiving saiddowel pins whereby said sections are supported one upon the other. 6.` In a device of the type described a sectional casing, each ,section being composed of segments, fastening members connecting the segmentsof each sectionto segments of adjacent sections, said members comprising strips, dowel pins connecting saidstrips togetlier', said segments having recesses for receiving said dowel'pins whereby said Sec-"1 tions are supported one upon the other, certain of said'strips projectingwbeneath the lowermost section and a casin for supporting the lowemnost section being secured tothe projecting portion of` said strip.`v

iiDoLrH PAnLsEN. 

